Somatic mosaicism underlies X-linked acrogigantism syndrome in sporadic male subjects.

TitleSomatic mosaicism underlies X-linked acrogigantism syndrome in sporadic male subjects.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2016
AuthorsDaly, AF, Yuan, B, Fina, F, Caberg, J-H, Trivellin, G, Rostomyan, L, de Herder, WW, Naves, LA, Metzger, D, Cuny, T, Rabl, W, Shah, N, Jaffrain-Rea, M-L, Zatelli, MChiara, Faucz, FR, Castermans, E, Nanni-Metellus, I, Lodish, M, Muhammad, A, Palmeira, L, Potorac, I, Mantovani, G, Neggers, SJ, Klein, M, Barlier, A, Liu, P, Ouafik, L'H, Bours, V, Lupski, JR, Stratakis, CA, Beckers, A
JournalEndocr Relat Cancer
Volume23
Issue4
Pagination221-33
Date Published2016 Apr
ISSN1479-6821
KeywordsAdult, Female, Genetic Diseases, X-Linked, Gigantism, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mosaicism, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Syndrome, Young Adult
Abstract

Somatic mosaicism has been implicated as a causative mechanism in a number of genetic and genomic disorders. X-linked acrogigantism (XLAG) syndrome is a recently characterized genomic form of pediatric gigantism due to aggressive pituitary tumors that is caused by submicroscopic chromosome Xq26.3 duplications that include GPR101 We studied XLAG syndrome patients (n= 18) to determine if somatic mosaicism contributed to the genomic pathophysiology. Eighteen subjects with XLAG syndrome caused by Xq26.3 duplications were identified using high-definition array comparative genomic hybridization (HD-aCGH). We noted that males with XLAG had a decreased log2ratio (LR) compared with expected values, suggesting potential mosaicism, whereas females showed no such decrease. Compared with familial male XLAG cases, sporadic males had more marked evidence for mosaicism, with levels of Xq26.3 duplication between 16.1 and 53.8%. These characteristics were replicated using a novel, personalized breakpoint junction-specific quantification droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) technique. Using a separate ddPCR technique, we studied the feasibility of identifying XLAG syndrome cases in a distinct patient population of 64 unrelated subjects with acromegaly/gigantism, and identified one female gigantism patient who had had increased copy number variation (CNV) threshold for GPR101 that was subsequently diagnosed as having XLAG syndrome on HD-aCGH. Employing a combination of HD-aCGH and novel ddPCR approaches, we have demonstrated, for the first time, that XLAG syndrome can be caused by variable degrees of somatic mosaicism for duplications at chromosome Xq26.3. Somatic mosaicism was shown to occur in sporadic males but not in females with XLAG syndrome, although the clinical characteristics of the disease were similarly severe in both sexes.

DOI10.1530/ERC-16-0082
Alternate JournalEndocr Relat Cancer
PubMed ID26935837
PubMed Central IDPMC4877443
Grant ListR01 NS058529 / NS / NINDS NIH HHS / United States
U54 HG006542 / HG / NHGRI NIH HHS / United States
U54HG006542 / HG / NHGRI NIH HHS / United States

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