Copy-Number Variation Contributes to the Mutational Load of Bardet-Biedl Syndrome.

TitleCopy-Number Variation Contributes to the Mutational Load of Bardet-Biedl Syndrome.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2016
AuthorsLindstrand, A, Frangakis, S, Carvalho, CMB, Richardson, EB, McFadden, KA, Willer, JR, Pehlivan, D, Liu, P, Pediaditakis, IL, Sabo, A, Lewis, RAlan, Banin, E, Lupski, JR, Davis, EE, Katsanis, N
JournalAm J Hum Genet
Volume99
Issue2
Pagination318-36
Date Published2016 Aug 04
ISSN1537-6605
KeywordsAdolescent, Adult, Alleles, Animals, Bardet-Biedl Syndrome, Child, Child, Preschool, Chromosome Breakpoints, Cytoskeletal Proteins, DNA Copy Number Variations, Exons, Female, Gastrulation, Genes, Recessive, Humans, Infant, Male, Mutation, Pedigree, Young Adult, Zebrafish, Zebrafish Proteins
Abstract

Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a defining ciliopathy, notable for extensive allelic and genetic heterogeneity, almost all of which has been identified through sequencing. Recent data have suggested that copy-number variants (CNVs) also contribute to BBS. We used a custom oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) covering 20 genes that encode intraflagellar transport (IFT) components and 74 ciliopathy loci to screen 92 unrelated individuals with BBS, irrespective of their known mutational burden. We identified 17 individuals with exon-disruptive CNVs (18.5%), including 13 different deletions in eight BBS genes (BBS1, BBS2, ARL6/BBS3, BBS4, BBS5, BBS7, BBS9, and NPHP1) and a deletion and a duplication in other ciliopathy-associated genes (ALMS1 and NPHP4, respectively). By contrast, we found a single heterozygous exon-disruptive event in a BBS-associated gene (BBS9) in 229 control subjects. Superimposing these data with resequencing revealed CNVs to (1) be sufficient to cause disease, (2) Mendelize heterozygous deleterious alleles, and (3) contribute oligogenic alleles by combining point mutations and exonic CNVs in multiple genes. Finally, we report a deletion and a splice site mutation in IFT74, inherited under a recessive paradigm, defining a candidate BBS locus. Our data suggest that CNVs contribute pathogenic alleles to a substantial fraction of BBS-affected individuals and highlight how either deletions or point mutations in discrete splice isoforms can induce hypomorphic mutations in genes otherwise intolerant to deleterious variation. Our data also suggest that CNV analyses and resequencing studies unbiased for previous mutational burden is necessary to delineate the complexity of disease architecture.

DOI10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.04.023
Alternate JournalAm J Hum Genet
PubMed ID27486776
PubMed Central IDPMC4974085
Grant ListR01 EY021872 / EY / NEI NIH HHS / United States
U54 HG006542 / HG / NHGRI NIH HHS / United States
P30 DK096493 / DK / NIDDK NIH HHS / United States
R01 GM121317 / GM / NIGMS NIH HHS / United States
R01 DK072301 / DK / NIDDK NIH HHS / United States
UM1 HG006542 / HG / NHGRI NIH HHS / United States
P50 DK096415 / DK / NIDDK NIH HHS / United States
R01 DK075972 / DK / NIDDK NIH HHS / United States
P30 EY002520 / EY / NEI NIH HHS / United States
R01 NS058529 / NS / NINDS NIH HHS / United States
R01 HD042601 / HD / NICHD NIH HHS / United States
T32 GM007171 / GM / NIGMS NIH HHS / United States

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