Clinical exome sequencing reveals locus heterogeneity and phenotypic variability of cohesinopathies.

TitleClinical exome sequencing reveals locus heterogeneity and phenotypic variability of cohesinopathies.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2019
AuthorsYuan, B, Neira, J, Pehlivan, D, Santiago-Sim, T, Song, X, Rosenfeld, J, Posey, JE, Patel, V, Jin, W, Adam, MP, Baple, EL, Dean, J, Fong, C-T, Hickey, SE, Hudgins, L, Leon, E, Madan-Khetarpal, S, Rawlins, L, Rustad, CF, Stray-Pedersen, A, Tveten, K, Wenger, O, Diaz, J, Jenkins, L, Martin, L, McGuire, M, Pietryga, M, Ramsdell, L, Slattery, L, Abid, F, Bertuch, AA, Grange, D, Immken, L, Schaaf, CP, Van Esch, H, Bi, W, Cheung, SWai, Breman, AM, Smith, JL, Shaw, C, Crosby, AH, Eng, CM, Yang, Y, Lupski, JR, Xiao, R, Liu, P
Corporate AuthorsDDD study
JournalGenet Med
Volume21
Issue3
Pagination663-675
Date Published2019 03
ISSN1530-0366
KeywordsAdolescent, Alleles, Antigens, Nuclear, Biological Variation, Population, Carrier Proteins, Cell Cycle Proteins, Child, Child, Preschool, Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone, Cohort Studies, De Lange Syndrome, Exome, Female, Gene Frequency, Genetic Heterogeneity, Humans, INDEL Mutation, Male, Mutation, Nuclear Proteins, Phenotype, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Retrospective Studies, Whole Exome Sequencing
Abstract

PURPOSE: Defects in the cohesin pathway are associated with cohesinopathies, notably Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS). We aimed to delineate pathogenic variants in known and candidate cohesinopathy genes from a clinical exome perspective.

METHODS: We retrospectively studied patients referred for clinical exome sequencing (CES, N = 10,698). Patients with causative variants in novel or recently described cohesinopathy genes were enrolled for phenotypic characterization.

RESULTS: Pathogenic or likely pathogenic single-nucleotide and insertion/deletion variants (SNVs/indels) were identified in established disease genes including NIPBL (N = 5), SMC1A (N = 14), SMC3 (N = 4), RAD21 (N = 2), and HDAC8 (N = 8). The phenotypes in this genetically defined cohort skew towards the mild end of CdLS spectrum as compared with phenotype-driven cohorts. Candidate or recently reported cohesinopathy genes were supported by de novo SNVs/indels in STAG1 (N = 3), STAG2 (N = 5), PDS5A (N = 1), and WAPL (N = 1), and one inherited SNV in PDS5A. We also identified copy-number deletions affecting STAG1 (two de novo, one of unknown inheritance) and STAG2 (one of unknown inheritance). Patients with STAG1 and STAG2 variants presented with overlapping features yet without characteristic facial features of CdLS.

CONCLUSION: CES effectively identified disease-causing alleles at the mild end of the cohensinopathy spectrum and enabled characterization of candidate disease genes.

DOI10.1038/s41436-018-0085-6
Alternate JournalGenet Med
PubMed ID30158690
PubMed Central IDPMC6395558
Grant ListG1001931 / MRC_ / Medical Research Council / United Kingdom
/ / Department of Health / United Kingdom
R35 NS105078 / NS / NINDS NIH HHS / United States
K08 HG008986 / HG / NHGRI NIH HHS / United States
UM1 HG006542 / HG / NHGRI NIH HHS / United States
WT098051 / / Wellcome Trust / United Kingdom
R01 NS058529 / NS / NINDS NIH HHS / United States
/ / Wellcome Trust / United Kingdom

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